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LitCourse 7
How to Read: Point of View
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Point of view—experiment 3

"A & P"—with an objective narrator: Sammy would be nothing more than a smart-mouthed kid. His inner voice is what gives the story its humor and meaning: "sheep" combing the aisles, the "witch" at the register, the sexual excitement the girls provoke, and the class differences Sammy feels. Because Sammy speaks to us, we understand his frustration.

Result: absent Sammy's voice, we would miss the thematic last lines, his coming-of-age epiphany—that the world is a hard place for creative souls or for those who take a hard, fast stand on principle.